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Loon Magic - Wayzata Technology (8011) (1993).iso
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02 Family - Name?
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1993-07-20
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What's in a Name?
The generic name for loons is Gavia, from which order and family
names are derived. Old bird books used Gavia for both loons and sea
smews, a Eurasian merganser which only rarely wanders onto the
North American continent. Since smews resemble loons in neither
appearance nor habit, it is odd that loons carry Gavia as half of their
scientific name. Loon fanciers can take some pleasure, though, in the
sure knowledge that loons are far more famous than smews.
The species name immer is Scandinavian. Its root, the Swedish
word emmer, meaning the blackened ashes of fire, is a fitting
reference to the common loon's contrasting black and white plumage.
Immer is also the contemporary Norwegian word for loon. Several
researchers, though, point to the Latin immerus, meaning submerged,
as another possible source for immer.
The common loon has not always had Gavia immer as its scientific
name. The ten-volume Century Dictionary, edited by William Dwight
Whitney in 1899, contains a description of the common loon with two
scientific names, Colymbus torquatusor and Colymbus glacialis.
Although it refers to ice, the second option has a pleasant warmth.
For years, scientists kept changing their minds about the proper
place for loons in the bird world. The 1917 edition of Birds of
America edited by Gilbert Pearson placed loons in the order
Pygopodes with the company of auks and grebes. The name game
ended in 1950 when the International Commission of Zoological
Nomenclature gave the common loon its current, and presumably
final, scientific name.
The bird's popular or common name "loon" has been around a long
time. Most bird books list two possible sources: the English word
lumme, meaning lummox or awkward person, and the old
Scandinavian word lom, meaning lame or clumsy. In both cases the
point is clear. As any veteran loon watcher knows, loons can be
ridiculously clumsy and almost helpless on land. The Century
Dictionary, however, has a different etymological approach. Its editor
believed loon to be a corruption of the Provincial English word loom,
meaning the "track of a fish", which probably described the wake a
fish makes while swimming just under the surface.
Of the five species of loons, the four of the far north - the Pacific,
arctic, yellow-billed and red-throated loons - carry proud, descriptive
names. But is the other loon really "common"? To most, it's a
spectacular bird. The name may be unfair, but the common loon is in
the good company of the common egret, the common merganser, and
the common sandpiper. With all the truly great bird names like royal
tern, great egret, golden-crowned kinglet or magnificent frigate bird,
there should have been one more exciting name to help out the
common loon. Considering there are least bitterns, lesser goldfinches,
and even parasitic jaegers, it could have been worse. Perhaps the
number of "other" names for the common loon have been a response
to this injustice. The common loon has flown under such interesting
names as the great northern diver (the European name), the ring-
necked loon, the black-billed loon, the ember goose, and the walloon.
By any name, the common loon is a special bird.